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Frequency and pattern of Paediatric Heart Diseases: Five years experience at The Children's Hospital, Multan
Muhammad Sohail Arshad1, Hafiz Muhammad Anwar-Ul-Haq2, Mudasser Adnan3
1Dr. Muhammad Sohail Arshad, FCPS (Paeds Cardiology). Department of Paediatric Cardiology, The Children's Hospital & the Institute of Child Health, Multan, Pakistan.
Insights
Pediatric heart diseases are a growing concern. Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD), Atrial Septal Defect (ASD), and Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) were the most common congenital heart defects, while Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD) and myocarditis were frequent acquired conditions.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Cardiology
- Cardiovascular Research
- Public Health
Background:
- Heart diseases significantly contribute to pediatric mortality and morbidity.
- Congenital heart disease (CHD) and acquired heart disease (AHD) are leading causes of childhood hospital admissions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the frequency and patterns of heart diseases in hospitalized children.
- To analyze the prevalence of different types of congenital and acquired heart conditions.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective chart review conducted over five years (January 2015 - December 2019).
- Inclusion criteria: Patients aged one month to 15 years diagnosed with heart disease via echocardiography.
- Study site: Paediatric Cardiology Department, The Children's Hospital, Multan, Pakistan.
Main Results:
- A total of 4115 heart disease cases were admitted.
- Congenital heart disease (CHD) accounted for 79.0% (3250 cases), and acquired heart disease (AHD) for 21.0% (865 cases).
- Common CHDs included Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) (28.5%), Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) (19.8%), and Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) (12.2%). Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) (38.2%) and acute myocarditis (26.6%) were the most frequent AHDs.
Conclusions:
- The burden of pediatric heart diseases is increasing in the region.
- VSD, ASD, and TOF are the predominant CHDs, while RHD and acute myocarditis are the most common AHDs in this pediatric population.
Background & Objectives:
Heart diseases in paediatric population are considered to be significant contributors to mortality and morbidity. Congenital heart disease (CHD) as well as acquired heart disease (AHD) are frequent causes of hospital admission among children. This study was aimed at finding out frequency and pattern of heart diseases in admitted patients at The Children's Hospital, Multan.
Methods:
This study is a retrospective chart review of five years at Paediatric Cardiology Department of The Children's Hospital and The Institute of Child Health, Multan, Pakistan, from January 2015 to December 2019. Children aged one month to 15 years, admitted as a diagnosed case of heart disease on the basis of echocardiography were included.
Results:
Out of a total of 4115 confirmed cases of heart disease admitted during the study period, 3250 (79.0%) were CHD while 865 (21.0%) were AHD. Overall, 2861 (69.5%) patients were aged less than one year. VSD followed by ASD were the commonest acyanotic heart lesion seen among 927 (28.5%) and 644 (19.8%) cases while TOF was the commonest cyanotic type heart lesion found in 396 (12.2%). Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) was the commonest type of AHD, seen in 330 (38.2%) cases followed by acute myocarditis found in 230 (26.6%) cases.
Conclusion:
Burden of heart diseases is rising in our region. VSD, ASD and TOF were the most common types of CHDs while RHD and acute myocarditis were the most frequent types of AHDs.
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