Managements for Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Adults: Review

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by recurrent obstruction of the pharyngeal airway during sleep, with resultant hypoxia and sleep fragmentation. It is more common in middle-aged obese men and prevalence is higher in most obese people. However, prevalence is high in African-Americans. OSA is associated with major comorbidities including excessive daytime sleepiness and increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. First and foremost, OSA management starts from educating patients about short-term consequences like motor vehicle accidents, behavioral modifications, long term consequences like cardiopulmonary disease, and resistant high blood pressure. Various types of management options are available for OSA such as weight loss, CPAP, oral appliances, and surgery. The review aims to explain the pathophysiology and cause of the obstruction of the airway in order to choose proper management carefully to decrease the symptoms and cure the disease.