3D Nipple-Areolar Tattoo: It's Technique, Outcomes, and Utilization

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Plastic Surgery
• Medical Aesthetics

Background:

• Three-dimensional (3D) nipple-areolar tattoo is an emerging technique for nipple-areolar complex reconstruction.
• Limited data currently exist on its outcomes and influencing factors.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the outcomes of 3D nipple-areolar tattoo.
• To investigate patient factors, payer status, surgical procedures, and therapies affecting tattoo utilization and revision rates.

Main Methods:

• A retrospective review of 191 patients undergoing skin-sparing mastectomy (SSM) or nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) with breast reconstruction between 2008 and 2019.
• Analysis of 3D tattoo frequency, post-procedure complications, and revision rates.
• Univariate analysis of patient demographics, insurance status, surgical details, and adjuvant therapies.

Main Results:

• 3D nipple-areolar tattooing was performed in 32% of patients, with no immediate complications.
• Autologous reconstruction was associated with a higher rate of 3D tattooing.
• Revisions were required in 32% of tattooed patients, primarily due to color fading (60%), with adjuvant radiation therapy increasing revision rates.

Conclusions:

• 3D nipple-areolar tattoo utilization appears independent of patient age, marital status, menopausal status, or insurance.
• Radiotherapy and color fading are significant factors associated with the need for tattoo revisions.