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Related Concept Videos

Obedience01:08

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According to obedience research, we may harm others under the forceful pressures of an authority figure (Milgram, 1974). How about if the inappropriate orders were delivered with less force? The increasing interdependence between nurses and physicians compelled Hofling and his colleagues to explore nurses’ reactions to a potentially harmful medical request made by the perceived authority figure, the doctor (Hofling, Brotzman, Dalrymple, Graves, & Pierce, 1966). In this situation,...
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Issues And Trends In Healthcare Delivery System01:29

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Steps in Outbreak Investigation01:18

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Operant Conditioning01:21

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Operant conditioning, a key concept in behavioral psychology, involves using reinforcement and punishment to alter the likelihood of a behavior being repeated. B.F. introduced this type of conditioning. Skinner focused on voluntary behaviors and the consequences that follow them, influencing whether these behaviors will be strengthened or diminished.
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Operant Conditioning Intervention01:24

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Milgram's Obedience to Authority02:20

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Training Dogs for Awake, Unrestrained Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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Operational K9s in the COVID-19 World.

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    Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) primarily spreads person-to-person. While human-to-canine transmission is rare, canine-to-human spread is minimal, with no reported cases. Prevention includes hygiene and distancing.

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    Area of Science:

    • Veterinary Medicine
    • Infectious Diseases
    • Public Health

    Background:

    • Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
    • The origin of SARS-CoV-2 is linked to animal reservoirs, raising questions about interspecies transmission.
    • Understanding COVID-19 transmission dynamics in animals is crucial for public health and safety.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 between humans and canines (dogs).
    • To assess the risk of canine-to-human and human-to-canine transmission of COVID-19.
    • To provide guidance on preventing viral transmission for personnel supporting operational canines.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of existing scientific literature on SARS-CoV-2 transmission.
    • Analysis of reported cases and theoretical transmission routes between humans and canines.
    • Synthesis of information relevant to military and civilian tactical emergency medical services.

    Main Results:

    • SARS-CoV-2 is primarily transmitted between humans.
    • Canine-to-human transmission is considered minimal, with no documented cases.
    • Human-to-canine transmission is rare, with one suspected case of symptomatic canine COVID-19.

    Conclusions:

    • Standard hygiene, decontamination, and distancing are key to reducing SARS-CoV-2 transmission.
    • The risk of COVID-19 transmission involving canines is low but warrants awareness.
    • Guidelines are provided for military and civilian personnel working with operational canines.