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Related Concept Videos

Attachment Styles01:24

Attachment Styles

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Jeffrey Simpson's attachment theory suggests that early caregiver relationships shape lasting patterns of behavior and emotional regulation, known as attachment styles. These patterns are organized along two key dimensions: self-esteem and interpersonal trust. The intersection of these dimensions produces four primary attachment styles that typically persist throughout life and significantly influence how individuals form and maintain relationships.Secure Attachment StyleIndividuals with a...
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Attachment is a long-standing connection or bond with others. While Attachment Theory was conceived in developmental psychology to describe infant-caregiver bonding, it's been extended into adulthood to include romantic relationships. 
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Hazan and Shaver's Attachment Styles01:28

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Attachment theory, developed initially to explain infant–caregiver bonds, has been extended to illuminate patterns of intimacy in adult romantic relationships. Psychologists Cindy Hazan and Phillip Shaver proposed that the attachment styles observed in infancy form a framework for how individuals approach emotional closeness and conflict in adulthood. These attachment styles—secure, avoidant, and anxious—are linked to enduring patterns of behavior and emotional regulation in...
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Personality Disorders: Dependent and Obsessive-Compulsive01:24

Personality Disorders: Dependent and Obsessive-Compulsive

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Dependent personality disorder and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder are two separate psychological conditions that influence behavior, relationships, and overall life functioning. Though both involve maladaptive behaviors, their core characteristics and motivations differ significantly.
 Dependent Personality Disorder
Dependent personality disorder is characterized by an excessive reliance on others to manage various aspects of life. Individuals with this disorder often struggle...
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Personality Disorders: Schizotypal and Histrionic01:20

Personality Disorders: Schizotypal and Histrionic

296
Schizotypal personality disorder and histrionic personality disorder are two distinct psychological conditions classified under personality disorders, each characterized by unique behavioral patterns and social difficulties. Both disorders significantly affect interpersonal relationships and emotional well-being, leading to social isolation and frustration.
Schizotypal Personality Disorder: Eccentric Behavior and Social Withdrawal
Schizotypal personality disorder is marked by odd or eccentric...
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Personality Disorders: Narcissistic and Avoidant01:26

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Narcissistic and avoidant personality traits represent two contrasting patterns of behavior that significantly influence social interactions and self-perception. While individuals with narcissistic disorder seek admiration and validation, individuals with avoidant personality disorder withdraw due to fear of judgment.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 8, 2025

Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Hyperscanning Study in Psychological Counseling
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Control Balance, Personality Traits, Attachment, and Communication Styles Associated with Stalking.

Danika R Sciarrotta1, Luci A Martin1, Richard Rogers1

  • 1University of La Verne, La Verne, CA, USA.

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|September 24, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Individuals with higher neuroticism and motivation to defer to a dominant partner face increased stalking risk. Understanding these personality traits can help reduce stalking victimization and inform treatment for survivors.

Keywords:
attachmentcommunicationcontrol balancepersonalitystalking

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Criminology
  • Sociology

Background:

  • Stalking leads to severe occupational, physical, social, and psychological harm.
  • Limited understanding exists regarding the risk factors and personality profiles of stalking victims.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify unique personality traits, attachment styles, and communication patterns in individuals who have experienced stalking.
  • To determine predictors of stalking risk among college students.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional, correlational online survey design.
  • 180 college students (78% female, mean age 24) completed self-report measures.
  • Statistical analyses included t-tests, ANOVAs, and logistic regression.

Main Results:

  • 21% of participants reported stalking experiences.
  • Stalking victims exhibited higher control deficit, higher control surplus, lower general health, higher openness, higher neuroticism, and greater motivation to defer to a dominant partner.
  • Logistic regression identified neuroticism, motivation to defer, and extroversion as increasing stalking risk, while interpersonal deference, disequilibrium, and agreeableness decreased risk.

Conclusions:

  • Specific personality traits are associated with increased vulnerability to stalking.
  • Findings can inform targeted interventions to prevent stalking victimization.
  • Results offer insights for clinical treatment strategies for stalking survivors.