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Nutritional status in cancer.

A J Rich

    Anticancer Research
    |May 1, 1987
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Cancer patients often experience declining nutritional status due to complex factors like anorexia and malabsorption. While nutritional support is recommended for undernourished patients, evidence for improved cancer outcomes solely from nutritional intervention is lacking.

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    Area of Science:

    • Oncology
    • Human Nutrition
    • Metabolism

    Background:

    • Nutritional status decline is common but not universal in cancer patients.
    • Complex factors including anorexia, malabsorption, and altered energy expenditure contribute to this decline.
    • Cancer cachexia, a severe outcome, may not be distinct from severe undernutrition from other causes.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To explore the complexities of nutritional status decline in cancer patients.
    • To investigate the impact of body composition changes, particularly lean tissue loss, on functional capacity.
    • To evaluate the role and efficacy of nutritional support in cancer patients.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of body composition changes in cancer patients.
    • Assessment of factors contributing to nutritional decline (anorexia, malabsorption, energy expenditure).

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  • Review of evidence regarding nutritional support and its impact on cancer outcomes.

    • Main Results:

    • Lean tissue loss is a significant measurable change, impacting organ system function.
    • Fluid retention can mask early body composition changes, complicating nutritional status assessment.
    • Nutritional support is advised for undernourished patients regardless of the cause.

    Conclusions:

    • Conventional nutritional assessment in cancer patients can be unreliable due to fluid masking.
    • While nutritional support is important for undernourished cancer patients, there is no strong evidence that correcting deficiencies alone improves cancer outcomes.