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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 8, 2025

Smartphone Fundus Photography
05:51

Smartphone Fundus Photography

Published on: July 6, 2017

39.9K

Remote Screening for Optic Nerve Cupping Using Smartphone-based Nonmydriatic Fundus Photography.

Lauren C LaMonica1, Mahesh K Bhardwaj2, Nicola L Hawley1

  • 1Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT.

Journal of Glaucoma
|September 24, 2020
PubMed
Summary

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This summary is machine-generated.

Smartphone fundus photography enables remote glaucoma screening in Samoa, showing strong agreement between graders for optic nerve assessment. This low-cost method can identify patients needing further ophthalmologic evaluation.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Medical Imaging
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Glaucoma screening is challenging in underserved regions like Samoa, which has limited ophthalmologists.
  • Remote screening using nonmydriatic fundus photography can overcome geographical and resource barriers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of smartphone-based nonmydriatic fundus photography for remote glaucoma screening.
  • To assess inter-rater agreement in grading optic disc status using this technology.

Main Methods:

  • Color fundus photographs were captured using a smartphone-based device by lay examiners in Samoa.
  • Images were remotely graded by ophthalmologists and optometrists, with high-risk cases escalated.
  • Image quality metrics (brightness, contrast, focus) and cup-to-disc ratio (CDR) were analyzed.

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Main Results:

  • Features suggestive of glaucoma were found in 16.0% of participants.
  • Strong inter-grader agreement was observed (90.3%, κ=0.53).
  • Cup brightness was significantly associated with CDR, with brighter discs indicating higher CDR.

Conclusions:

  • Smartphone-based fundus photography is a viable, low-cost tool for remote screening of optic nerve changes indicative of glaucoma.
  • This method, combined with risk factor assessment, can aid in identifying patients for further ophthalmologic referral.