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A Y-connected synchronous generator, grounded through a neutral impedance, is designed to produce balanced internal phase voltages with only positive-sequence components. The generator's sequence networks include a source voltage that is exclusively in the positive-sequence network. The sequence components of line-to-ground voltages at the generator terminals illustrate this configuration.
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Updated: Dec 7, 2025

Protein WISDOM: A Workbench for In silico De novo Design of BioMolecules
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Fast and Flexible Protein Design Using Deep Graph Neural Networks.

Alexey Strokach1, David Becerra2, Carles Corbi-Verge2

  • 1Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada.

Cell Systems
|September 24, 2020
PubMed
Summary

ProteinSolver, a deep graph neural network, designs novel protein sequences that fold into specific 3D structures. This AI approach treats protein design as a constraint satisfaction problem, enabling rapid and accurate sequence generation.

Keywords:
constraint satisfaction problemdeep learninggraph neural networksinverse protein foldingprotein designprotein optimization

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Area of Science:

  • Computational biology
  • Protein engineering
  • Artificial intelligence in science

Background:

  • Protein structure and function are dictated by amino acid sequences in 3D space.
  • Designing novel protein sequences with specific structures is a complex challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an AI-driven method for designing protein sequences that fold into predetermined 3D shapes.
  • To validate the designed sequences through computational and experimental methods.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a deep graph neural network, ProteinSolver, trained on over 70 million protein sequences and 80,000 structures.
  • Framed protein design as a constraint satisfaction problem.
  • In silico benchmarking using energy scores, molecular dynamics, and structure prediction.
  • In vitro validation of a designed serum albumin sequence using circular dichroism.

Main Results:

  • ProteinSolver accurately designs protein sequences for specific target structures.
  • In silico benchmarks confirm the rapid design and high quality of generated sequences.
  • Experimental validation confirmed the designed protein's structure.

Conclusions:

  • Deep graph neural networks can effectively solve the protein design problem.
  • ProteinSolver offers a powerful tool for rapid and accurate de novo protein design.
  • The study demonstrates a successful integration of AI with experimental protein science.