Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Physiological Barriers

Physiological Barriers

Physiological barriers are semi-permeable cellular structures restricting drug diffusion into intracellular compartments and tissues. There are six types of physiological barriers: blood endothelial, cell membrane, blood-brain, blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), blood-placenta, and blood-testis barriers.
The blood endothelial barrier is the most porous of these. It allows all small ionized, un-ionized, and lipophilic molecules to pass through the endothelial lining into the interstitial space...

Requirements for Human Life

Requirements for Human Life

The Earth and its atmosphere have provided humans with air, water, and food, but these are not the only requirements for survival. Humans also require a specific range of temperature and pressure that the Earth and its atmosphere provides.
Oxygen
Atmospheric air is only about 20 percent oxygen, but that oxygen is a key component of the chemical reactions that keep the body alive, including the reactions that produce ATP. Brain cells are susceptible to a lack of oxygen because they require a...

Self-Regulation

Self-Regulation

Self-regulation, also known as self-control, encompasses a range of cognitive and behavioral processes that allow individuals to adjust their internal states and outward actions to align with socially acceptable norms and long-term goals. It plays a fundamental role in adaptive functioning, from resisting impulsive behaviors to persisting through challenging tasks. While its benefits are widely recognized, self-regulation is not limitless. Muraven and Baumeister's theory posits that...

Desensitization and Tachyphylaxis

Desensitization and Tachyphylaxis

Tachyphylaxis is described as a rapid decrease in response to a drug after repeated or continuous administration of the same drug dose. It is a phenomenon where the body becomes less responsive to a particular substance or intervention over time, requiring higher doses or stronger interventions to achieve the same effect. It results from adaptive changes in the body's receptors, signaling pathways, or physiological processes that occur in response to prolonged exposure to a stimulus.

Positive and Negative Feedback Loops

Positive and Negative Feedback Loops

Animal organs and organ systems constantly adjust to internal and external changes through a process called homeostasis ("steady state"). Examples of these changes include regulation of the level of glucose or calcium in the blood or internal responses to external temperatures. Homeostasis requires maintaining an internal dynamic equilibrium:

Cognitive Dissonance

Cognitive Dissonance

Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Investigating the Causes of an Extinction Catastrophe: Controlling Introduced Predators Remains Essential for Conserving Australia's Mammals.

Bioscience·2026

Same author

Vulnerability of marine megafauna to global at-sea anthropogenic threats.

Conservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology·2025

Same author

Sarcocystis miescheriana.

Trends in parasitology·2025

Same author

Mass loss, timing and duration of catastrophic moult in little penguins.

Biology open·2025

Same author

Alterations in characteristics of plastic ingestion and decreasing body condition in beachcast fledgling short-tailed shearwaters (Ardenna tenuirostris) at Phillip Island, Australia.

Environmental science and pollution research international·2025

Same author

Estimating setback distances for a threatened, cryptic, data-sparse migratory shorebird.

PloS one·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 7, 2025

Field-Based Thermal Physiology Assay: Cold Shock Recovery under Ambient Conditions

Field-Based Thermal Physiology Assay: Cold Shock Recovery under Ambient Conditions

Published on: March 9, 2021

A physiological cost to behavioural tolerance.

Alona Charuvi¹, Daniel Lees¹, Hayley K Glover¹

¹Deakin University, Geelong, Australia. School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and the Built Environment, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia.

Behavioural Processes

|September 24, 2020

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Masked Lapwings exhibit distinct physiological and behavioral escape responses to human approach. Reduced flight initiation distances, often seen as habituation, correlate with higher physiological stress, indicating hidden costs of human interaction with wildlife.

Keywords:

Alert distance Flight-initiation distance Habituation Heart rate Physiological-initiation distance

More Related Videos

Heat Tolerance Assays Using the Drosophila Activity Monitor System: A Guide to an Executable Application for Data Analysis

Heat Tolerance Assays Using the Drosophila Activity Monitor System: A Guide to an Executable Application for Data Analysis

Published on: December 13, 2024

Chronic Stress Shifts Effort-Related Choice Behavior in a Y-Maze Barrier Task in Mice

Chronic Stress Shifts Effort-Related Choice Behavior in a Y-Maze Barrier Task in Mice

Published on: August 13, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 7, 2025

Field-Based Thermal Physiology Assay: Cold Shock Recovery under Ambient Conditions

Field-Based Thermal Physiology Assay: Cold Shock Recovery under Ambient Conditions

Published on: March 9, 2021

Heat Tolerance Assays Using the Drosophila Activity Monitor System: A Guide to an Executable Application for Data Analysis

Heat Tolerance Assays Using the Drosophila Activity Monitor System: A Guide to an Executable Application for Data Analysis

Published on: December 13, 2024

Chronic Stress Shifts Effort-Related Choice Behavior in a Y-Maze Barrier Task in Mice

Chronic Stress Shifts Effort-Related Choice Behavior in a Y-Maze Barrier Task in Mice

Published on: August 13, 2020

Area of Science:

Animal behavior
Wildlife physiology
Ecology

Background:

Simultaneous investigation of animal behavioral and physiological escape responses is rare.
Interpreting habituation or tolerance requires understanding both behavioral and physiological costs.

Purpose of the Study:

To simultaneously measure heart rate and behavioral responses in Masked Lapwings during human approaches.
To identify and characterize a distinct Physiological-Initiation Distance (PID) preceding Flight-Initiation Distance (FID).

Main Methods:

Standardized approaches to incubating Masked Lapwings (Vanellus miles).
Simultaneous measurement of heart rate (HR) and behavioral responses.
Categorization of responses into 'startle' and 'non-startle' types.

Main Results:

A Physiological-Initiation Distance (PID) was identified, preceding Flight-Initiation Distance (FID) but not always Alert Distance (AD).
Startle responses occurred in 75.9% of birds; non-startle responses in 24.1%.
Reduced FIDs were associated with longer durations of elevated HR, indicating physiological costs.

Conclusions:

Behavioral measures may underestimate wildlife responses to human presence due to unmeasured PIDs.
Reduced FIDs, often interpreted as habituation, may incur significant physiological costs.
Further research is needed to predict PIDs from behavioral metrics for wildlife management strategies.