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Updated: Dec 7, 2025

Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
Published on: February 13, 2021
[Update on the diagnosis of HFrEF and HFpEF]
Insights
Diagnosing heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is challenging. This article presents two new scores, the H₂FPEF-Score and HFA-PEFF-algorithm, to aid HFpEF diagnosis.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Internal Medicine
- Clinical Diagnostics
Background:
- Heart failure (HF) is a primary reason for hospitalization in Germany.
- Over half of HF patients have HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).
- Diagnosing HFpEF remains a significant clinical challenge.
Purpose of the Study:
- To introduce and discuss two novel diagnostic tools for HFpEF.
- To facilitate the clinical diagnosis of HFpEF.
Main Methods:
- Presentation of the H₂FPEF-Score.
- Explanation of the HFA-PEFF-algorithm by the Heart Failure Association.
- Review of diagnostic criteria based on ESC Guidelines (2016).
Main Results:
- The H₂FPEF-Score and HFA-PEFF-algorithm are proposed as aids for HFpEF diagnosis.
- These tools aim to simplify the diagnostic process for clinicians.
Conclusions:
- The H₂FPEF-Score and HFA-PEFF-algorithm offer potential improvements in diagnosing HFpEF.
- Easier diagnosis of HFpEF could lead to more timely and appropriate patient management.
Abstract:
Heart failure (HF) is the leading cause for inpatient treatment in Germany. Its diagnosis is based on the ESC Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Heart Failure of 2016. More than half of all patients with HF suffer from HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), whose diagnosis is still challenging. Two new diagnostic scores have been proposed to facilitate the diagnosis of HFpEF and are presented in this article, the H2FPEF-Score and the HFA-PEFF-algorithm by the Heart Failure Association.
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