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Beyond Back Splicing, a Still Poorly Explored World: Non-Canonical Circular RNAs
Annie Robic1, Christa Kühn2,3
1GenPhySE, University of Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France.
Genes
|September 25, 2020
Summary
This study overviews non-canonical circular RNAs (circRNAs) derived from non-coding sequences, distinct from canonical exonic circRNAs. Further research is needed to understand their functions and overcome detection challenges due to their size and structure.
Area of Science:
- Molecular Biology
- RNA Biology
- Genomics
Background:
- Canonical circular RNAs (circRNAs) originate from pre-mRNA back splicing.
- Non-canonical circRNAs arise from non-coding sequences and are less understood.
- Intron lariat-derived circRNAs possess a 2'-5' bond, complicating detection.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide an overview of non-canonical circRNAs.
- To characterize the common properties of these non-coding circRNAs.
- To explore potential challenges and future research directions for non-canonical circRNAs.
Main Methods:
- Literature review and synthesis of existing studies on non-canonical circRNAs.
- Characterization of circRNA types including lariat-derived intronic circRNAs, sub-exonic circRNAs, intron circles, and tricRNAs.
- Analysis of reported properties and potential detection difficulties.
Main Results:
- Identified and overviewed several types of non-canonical circRNAs originating from non-coding sequences.
- Highlighted that data on their cellular regulatory roles is scarce.
- Noted that small size and strong secondary structures may hinder reliable detection.
Conclusions:
- It is premature to assign a general function to circRNAs, including lariat-derived ones, due to limited data.
- Small size and secondary structures are potential obstacles for detecting non-canonical circRNAs.
- Further investigation is warranted to advance the understanding of these non-coding RNA molecules.
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