Related Experiment Video
Updated: Dec 7, 2025
07:45
Metabolic Characterization of Polarized M1 and M2 Bone Marrow-derived Macrophages Using Real-time Extracellular Flux Analysis
Published on: November 28, 2015
36.2K
Multi-omics analysis identifies FoxO1 as a regulator of macrophage function through metabolic reprogramming
Kai Yan1,2, Tian-Tian Da2, Zhen-Hua Bian2
1Liver Immunology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China.
Cell Death & Disease
|September 25, 2020
Summary
Forkhead Box Protein 1 (FoxO1) regulates macrophage function by reprogramming metabolism. Its deficiency impairs glycolysis, leading to an M2 phenotype, reduced migration, and decreased tumor suppression.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Cell Biology
- Metabolism
Background:
- Macrophages exhibit plasticity, altering states based on cellular needs.
- Forkhead Box Protein 1 (FoxO1) is known to regulate macrophage function, but mechanisms are unclear.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the role of FoxO1 in metabolic reprogramming of macrophages.
- To elucidate the mechanisms linking FoxO1 to macrophage function and anti-tumor activity.
Main Methods:
- Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses to assess gene and protein expression.
- High-content screening to evaluate macrophage migration and function.
- Metabolic assays focusing on glycolysis.
Main Results:
- FoxO1 deficiency promotes an alternatively activated (M2) macrophage phenotype.
- Lack of FoxO1 reduces expression of inflammatory and migration genes.
- FoxO1-deficient macrophages exhibit slower migration and impaired tumor cell growth inhibition.
- Glycolysis is significantly inhibited in FoxO1-deficient macrophages.
Conclusions:
- FoxO1 is a key regulator of macrophage metabolic reprogramming.
- FoxO1 links cellular metabolism to macrophage function, including migration and anti-tumor capabilities.
- Targeting FoxO1 may offer therapeutic strategies for modulating macrophage-driven processes.
Related Concept Videos
01:19Regulation of Metabolism
11.0K
Cellular needs and conditions vary from cell to cell and change within individual cells over time. For example, the required enzymes and energetic demands of stomach cells are different from those of fat storage cells, skin cells, blood cells, and nerve cells. Furthermore, a digestive cell works much harder to process and break down nutrients during the time that closely follows a meal compared with many hours after a meal. As these cellular demands and conditions vary, so do the amounts and...
11.0K
02:23Master Transcription Regulators
7.5K
Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
7.5K
01:28Overview of Fatty Acid Metabolism
35.0K
Lipids also are sources of energy that power cellular processes. Like carbohydrates, lipids are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, but these atoms are arranged differently. Most lipids are nonpolar and hydrophobic. Major types include fats and oils, waxes, phospholipids, and steroids.
Fatty acids are catabolized in a process called beta-oxidation, which takes place in the matrix of the mitochondria and converts their fatty acid chains into two-carbon units of acetyl groups. The acetyl...
Fatty acids are catabolized in a process called beta-oxidation, which takes place in the matrix of the mitochondria and converts their fatty acid chains into two-carbon units of acetyl groups. The acetyl...
35.0K
01:23Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps
1.2K
The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
1.2K
02:24Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps
3.7K
3.7K
02:24Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps
25.1K
Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
25.1K