Elective caesarean section and bronchiolitis hospitalization: A retrospective cohort study
Lindsey C Douglas1, Maya Leventer-Roberts1,2,3, Ohad Levinkron3
1Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Summary
Elective C-sections increase the risk of infant hospitalization for bronchiolitis. This risk is higher for babies born in spring and summer, suggesting careful timing considerations for scheduled deliveries.
Area of Science:
- Pediatrics
- Obstetrics & Gynecology
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Bronchiolitis is a common respiratory infection in infants.
- Elective Cesarean section is a common delivery method.
- The association between elective Cesarean section and infant respiratory outcomes requires further investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the association between elective Cesarean section and subsequent hospitalization for bronchiolitis in infants.
- To identify potential risk factors for infant bronchiolitis hospitalization.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective cohort study utilizing electronic medical records from Clalit Health Services in Israel.
- Analysis of over 124,000 infants born between 2008 and 2010.
- Logistic regression and boosted decision tree machine learning techniques were employed.
Main Results:
- 4.1% of infants were hospitalized for bronchiolitis within their first two years of life.
- Elective Cesarean section was associated with increased odds of bronchiolitis hospitalization, particularly for infants born in spring and summer.
- The boosted gradient decision tree analysis identified birth timing as a significant factor in predicting bronchiolitis risk.
Conclusions:
- Elective Cesarean section is a potentially modifiable risk factor linked to increased infant hospitalization for bronchiolitis.
- Consideration of delivery timing, especially for spring and summer births, may be warranted when scheduling elective Cesarean sections.
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