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Assessment of child development in premature babies based on the ICF biopsychosocial model

Gentil G DA Fonseca Filho1, Ana C Lopes1, Ruth B Bezerra1

  • 1Department of Physiotherapy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.

European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine
|September 25, 2020
PubMed

Insights

This study highlights how personal factors and body functions influence premature infant development, aligning with the International Classification of Functionality (ICF) biopsychosocial model. Early intervention is key for better outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Pediatrics
  • Rehabilitation Medicine
  • Public Health

Background:

  • The International Classification of Functionality (ICF) offers a holistic health view, crucial for multiprofessional teams.
  • Incorporating the ICF model in health services presents challenges, especially in low-income countries like Brazil.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze premature infant development using the ICF's biopsychosocial model.
  • To understand the factors influencing neurodevelopment in premature babies.

Main Methods:

  • A longitudinal study was conducted in a maternity setting in Northeast Brazil.
  • Thirty-five premature infants were assessed, with 20 followed up at one year.
  • Data included pre/perinatal factors, socioeconomic status, environmental influences, general movements, and the Age and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ-3).

Main Results:

  • At one year, 55% showed altered general movements and 35% had intraventricular hemorrhage.
  • Developmental delays were observed in communication (15%), gross motor (20%), fine motor/problem-solving (40%), and personal/social (35%) domains via ASQ-3.
  • Only male sex and intraventricular hemorrhage were associated with atypical development.

Conclusions:

  • Personal factors and body function/structure significantly influence atypical neurodevelopment in premature infants.
  • The ICF's biopsychosocial model provides a comprehensive framework for assessing and managing premature newborns.
  • A global perspective, as offered by the ICF, is essential for comprehensive care of premature infants.
Abstract

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