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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 7, 2025

Identification of OTX1 and OTX2 As Two Possible Molecular Markers for Sinonasal Carcinomas and Olfactory Neuroblastomas

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SOX2 Expression in Canine Neoplasia.

Ileana C Miranda¹, Andrew D Miller¹

¹5922Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.

Veterinary Pathology

|September 25, 2020

Summary

SOX2, a key stem cell regulator, is expressed in many canine cancers, particularly those of ectodermal and endodermal origin. This finding suggests SOX2

Area of Science:

Oncology
Stem Cell Biology
Veterinary Pathology

Background:

SOX2 is a critical transcription factor regulating stem cell pluripotency and self-renewal.
SOX2 expression in cancer stem cells is linked to tumorigenicity, metastasis, drug resistance, and poor survival in human and rodent models.
Investigating SOX2 in canine neoplasia is crucial for understanding cancer biology and developing targeted therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the expression patterns of SOX2 in a diverse range of canine neoplasms.
To determine if SOX2 expression correlates with tumor origin (ectodermal, endodermal, mesodermal).
To explore the potential of SOX2 as a biomarker in canine cancer.

Main Methods:

Immunohistochemistry was employed to detect SOX2 expression.

Keywords:

cancer stem cells canine immunohistochemistry neoplasia sex-determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2)tumor-initiating cells

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Archived formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues from 45 distinct canine neoplasms were analyzed.

Normal canine tissues were evaluated using a tissue microarray for comparison.

Main Results:

Strong and diffuse SOX2 intranuclear immunolabeling was consistently observed in most ectodermal (13/15) and endodermal (5/7) tumors.
SOX2 expression was negative, variable, or inconsistent in most mesodermal tumors (10/16) and tumors of uncertain origin (5/7).
This study demonstrates SOX2 expression across a wide spectrum of canine cancers.

Conclusions:

SOX2 is expressed in various canine cancers, with distinct patterns observed based on tumor origin.
Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanistic role of SOX2 in different canine tumor types.
SOX2 may serve as a potential prognostic indicator and a target for novel therapeutic strategies in veterinary oncology.