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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 7, 2025

Eye-tracking to Distinguish Comprehension-based and Oculomotor-based Regressive Eye Movements During Reading
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Eye movement control in Turkish sentence reading.

Ayşegül Özkan1, Figen Beken Fikri1, Bilal Kırkıcı2

  • 1Cognitive Science Department, Informatics Institute, Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi, Ankara, Turkey.

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology (2006)
|September 25, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Reading involves complex cognitive processes. This study on Turkish found word frequency and predictability influence reading speed, but not morphological complexity, challenging some theories.

Keywords:
Eye movementsTurkishreading

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Science
  • Psycholinguistics
  • Computational Linguistics

Background:

  • Reading is a complex cognitive process involving visual perception and language comprehension.
  • Understanding how eye movements during reading are influenced by text characteristics is crucial for cognitive models.
  • Investigating these dynamics across different languages, like Turkish, tests the generalizability of existing reading theories.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the influence of word characteristics and morphological complexity on eye movements during Turkish reading.
  • To replicate known effects of word frequency and predictability in a new linguistic context.
  • To test for language-specific effects, such as morphological complexity, on reading dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Collected eye-tracking data from 35 adults reading 120 nine-word Turkish sentences.
  • Analyzed single-fixation durations, word skipping, and fixation counts.
  • Employed a baseline category logit model to control for word-selection bias and analyze fixation probabilities.

Main Results:

  • Replicated canonical effects of word frequency and predictability on fixation durations.
  • Found no evidence for morphological effects (number of suffixes) on single-fixation durations.
  • Observed significant effects of word characteristics and suffix count on fixation probabilities using a logit model, with mixed results for neighboring word effects.

Conclusions:

  • Word frequency and predictability are key drivers of reading dynamics in Turkish, consistent with general models.
  • Morphological complexity, specifically suffix count, did not directly impact fixation durations but influenced fixation probabilities.
  • Findings suggest that while some reading processes are language-universal, others may be modulated by language-specific structures.