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Updated: Dec 7, 2025
09:43
Analyses of Proteinuria, Renal Infiltration of Leukocytes, and Renal Deposition of Proteins in Lupus-prone MRL/lpr Mice
Published on: June 8, 2022
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Urinary Cellular Profile as a Biomarker for Lupus Nephritis
Abeer Ali Abdelati1, Nouran Y Eshak1, Hanaa M Donia2
1From the Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Unit.
Summary
Urinary CD14+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells are sensitive biomarkers for lupus nephritis (LN). Elevated counts and a low CD4:CD8 ratio indicate LN, with CD14+ cell levels potentially distinguishing LN classes.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Immunology
- Biomarker Discovery
Background:
- Lupus nephritis (LN) lacks ideal biomarkers for early detection and disease correlation.
- Urinary leukocytes, including macrophages and T lymphocytes, are present in LN patients, suggesting their potential as biomarkers.
- Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients' urinary CD4+, CD8+ T lymphocytes, and CD14+ monocytes were investigated as potential LN biomarkers.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate urinary CD4+, CD8+ T lymphocytes, and CD14+ monocytes as biomarkers for lupus nephritis (LN).
- To assess the correlation of these urinary cells with LN class and activity, specifically proteinuria.
- To determine if urinary CD14+ cell counts can differentiate between proliferative LN classes.
Main Methods:
- A longitudinal case-control study involving 30 SLE patients with LN, 30 SLE patients without LN, and 20 healthy controls.
- Flow cytometry was employed to quantify urinary CD4+, CD8+ T lymphocytes, and CD14+ monocytes.
- BD FACS Calibur and BD CellQuest Pro software were used for multiparameter flow cytometric analysis and data processing.
Main Results:
- Urinary CD14+ cells were the most abundant leukocytes in LN patients.
- Significantly higher mean counts of urinary CD8+, CD4+, and CD14+ cells/mL were observed in LN patients compared to non-LN patients.
- Urinary cell counts showed a significant correlation with proteinuria, and CD14+ cell counts were higher in class IV than class III LN.
Conclusions:
- Urinary CD8+, CD4+, and CD14+ cells demonstrate high sensitivity and specificity for detecting proliferative LN.
- A decreased CD4:CD8 ratio in urine serves as an additional indicator for LN.
- Urinary CD14+ cell counts show promise as a biomarker for differentiating between proliferative LN classes.
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