Mueller matrix polarimeter based on twisted nematic liquid crystal devices

We present a precise, portable, and inexpensive Mueller matrix polarimeter based on a pair of twisted nematic liquid crystal plates. Such a design is of interest to low-budget users or to those who require a portable instrument for applications to be carried on outside a laboratory environment. We develop the theoretical model for the proposed polarimeter and describe the complete implementation of the device. This process includes the selection of the optimum states of polarization to perform the measurements, the calibration of the instrument, and the evaluation of its performance for punctual and imaging applications. The proposed device is at least as accurate and precise as similar, but much more expensive, polarimeters.