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Silver nanoparticles: Synthesis, investigation techniques, and properties.

Oleksandra Pryshchepa¹, Paweł Pomastowski², Bogusław Buszewski¹

¹Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Wileńska 4, 87-100 Torun, Poland; Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Torun, Poland.

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|September 25, 2020

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This review explores novel synthesis methods and analytical techniques for silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs). It details how synthesis parameters influence Ag NP properties and discusses their applications and toxicity mechanisms.

Area of Science:

Materials Science and Nanotechnology
Chemistry
Biotechnology

Background:

Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) possess unique properties driving applications in electronics, energy, catalysis, and medicine.
Existing literature often lacks comprehensive details on Ag NP synthesis and potential experimental artifacts.
A thorough understanding of Ag NP synthesis, characterization, and properties is crucial for their effective utilization.

Purpose of the Study:

To review novel trends in silver nanoparticle synthesis, including physical, chemical, and biological approaches.
To provide insights into controlling critical nanoparticle parameters like size and shape.
To present a comprehensive overview of modern analytical techniques for Ag NP investigation, including their limitations and potential artifacts.

Main Methods:

Keywords:

Analytical techniques Biological activity Silver nanoparticles Synthesis methods Toxic mechanism

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Exploration of various synthesis strategies: physical, chemical, and biological.
Analysis of factors influencing Ag NP properties: reducing agents, stabilizers, synthesis environment, and trace ions.
Description of advanced analytical techniques: microscopy (TEM, SEM, AFM), spectroscopy (UV-Vis, Raman, XRD), spectrometry (ICP-MS), and separation methods (FFF, electrophoresis).

Main Results:

Synthesis parameters significantly impact Ag NP properties such as size, shape, and composition.
A wide array of analytical techniques are available for Ag NP characterization, each with specific advantages and potential artifacts.
Physicochemical and biological properties of Ag NPs are directly correlated with their fundamental characteristics.

Conclusions:

This review consolidates information on Ag NP synthesis, characterization, properties, and toxicity mechanisms.
It aims to guide researchers in designing more rigorous experiments by highlighting potential challenges and analytical considerations.
Understanding the influence of synthesis parameters and analytical techniques is key to advancing Ag NP applications.