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Intellectual disability (ID) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in intellectual and adaptive functioning that manifest during the developmental period. This condition encompasses challenges in reasoning, memory, problem-solving, and learning, accompanied by impairments in everyday life skills, such as communication, self-care, and social interactions. Intellectual disability affects approximately 1% of the population in the United States, impacting an estimated 5...
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Intellectual disability.

Vincent des Portes1

  • 1Paediatric Neurology Department, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfants, University of Lyon, Bron, France; Rare Intellectual Disabilities Reference Centre, Institut des Sciences Cognitives, University of Lyon, Bron, France.

Handbook of Clinical Neurology
|September 26, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Intellectual disability (ID) affects over a million people in France, impacting reasoning and daily life adaptation. Genetic factors are common, and comprehensive evaluations are key for better support and quality of life.

Keywords:
Access to careGeneticsIntellectual developmental disabilityIntellectual disabilityMultidimensional evaluationNeurodevelopmental disorders

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Area of Science:

  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders
  • Genetics
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Intellectual disability (ID) or intellectual developmental disability (IDD) is a common neurodevelopmental disability affecting 2% of the French population.
  • ID is characterized by reduced reasoning and complex information understanding, impacting learning and daily life adaptation.
  • It results from an interaction between individual vulnerability and environmental factors, often co-occurring with other neurodevelopmental disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the prevalence and multifaceted nature of intellectual disability.
  • To emphasize the importance of understanding psychomotor development for early identification.
  • To advocate for comprehensive diagnostic and evaluative strategies throughout life.

Main Methods:

  • Review of the characteristics and contributing factors of intellectual disability.
  • Discussion of the interplay between individual vulnerabilities and environmental influences.
  • Emphasis on the role of genetic factors and advanced genetic techniques in diagnosis.

Main Results:

  • Over half of ID cases have genetic origins, with numerous rare diseases contributing.
  • New genetic techniques like high-throughput sequencing are improving diagnostic accuracy.
  • Multidimensional evaluations of cognitive, socioemotional, and adaptive skills are crucial.

Conclusions:

  • Early identification and a comprehensive understanding of ID are vital.
  • Genetic factors play a significant role, with ongoing advancements in diagnostic technology.
  • Lifelong multidimensional evaluations are essential for effective support strategies, enhancing quality of life and societal participation.