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Principles of early intervention

Olena Chorna1, Giovanni Cioni2, Andrea Guzzetta2

  • 1Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy; Dipartimento di Neurofarba, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy.

Handbook of Clinical Neurology
|September 26, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Early intervention for infants with neurodevelopmental disabilities is crucial. Starting targeted training in the first months of life significantly improves outcomes by maximizing the neuroplastic window for learning.

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Pediatrics
  • Neuroscience
  • Early Childhood Education

Background:

  • Most children with neurodevelopmental challenges receive intervention after age two.
  • Delayed intervention leads to poorer outcomes due to missed learning opportunities within the critical neuroplastic window.
  • Early intervention in infancy shows superior results compared to later interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline common elements of neurodevelopment and early intervention.
  • To present primary early intervention practices.
  • To review the scientific evidence supporting early intervention.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on neurodevelopment and early intervention.
  • Analysis of evidence supporting specific early intervention practices.
  • Focus on parent involvement in goal-directed training for infants.

Main Results:

  • Early goal-directed training involving parents in infants with neurodevelopmental disabilities yields superior outcomes.
  • Intervention commencing in the first months of life is particularly effective.
  • The neuroplastic window for learning is significantly impacted by the timing of intervention.

Conclusions:

  • Early intervention is critical for optimizing outcomes in infants with neurodevelopmental disabilities.
  • Parent involvement in early, goal-directed training enhances effectiveness.
  • Evidence supports timely intervention within the first year of life to leverage neuroplasticity.

Keywords:
Environmental enrichmentIntersubjectivityInterventionNeurodevelopmentalNeuroplasticityVisual system

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