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Related Concept Videos

Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory01:26

Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory

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Memory is one of the most vital higher mental functions of the brain. Memory is closely related to learning because it enables us to retain information and experiences from our past to use them in our present life. It also helps us to remember facts, events, and skills, such as riding a bike or swimming. There are two types of memory — declarative memory, which involves memorizing facts or events, and procedural memory, which enables us to remember how to do something like writing or...
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Forgetting is a complex cognitive phenomenon influenced by several factors, among which interference and decay are particularly prominent. These processes explain why individuals often struggle to retrieve specific information from memory, leading to lapses in recall that can be observed in everyday situations.
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Amnesia01:13

Amnesia

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Amnesia is a condition marked by long-term memory loss, which impairs the ability to recall past events or create new memories.
The severity and duration of memory loss vary depending on the type and underlying cause. Amnesia is classified into two main types: retrograde and anterograde.
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False Memories01:18

False Memories

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False memories represent a cognitive distortion in which individuals recall events that did not happen, or remember them in an altered form. This phenomenon highlights the brain's constructive nature in processing and recalling memories, emphasizing that memory is not a perfect representation of past events but rather a dynamic reconstruction influenced by various factors.
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Forgetting01:21

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Forgetting is an intrinsic aspect of human memory, characterized by the gradual loss or inaccessibility of information over time. Hermann Ebbinghaus, a pioneering psychologist, extensively studied this phenomenon and formulated the forgetting curve. This curve illustrates that memory loss occurs rapidly immediately after learning and then decelerates over time. Several mechanisms contribute to forgetting, including encoding failure, storage decay, retrieval failure, and interference.
Encoding...
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Dissociative Disorders01:27

Dissociative Disorders

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Dissociative disorders represent complex psychological conditions characterized by disruptions in consciousness, memory, identity, or perception. These disruptions cause individuals to experience a disconnection from their thoughts, emotions, and memories. The phenomenon is not merely an occasional lapse in attention but a profound alteration in mental functioning that can severely impact daily life.
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The Double-H Maze: A Robust Behavioral Test for Learning and Memory in Rodents
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Memory dysfunctions.

Pascale Piolino1, Christine Bulteau2, Isabelle Jambaqué3

  • 1University of Paris, MC(2)Lab, Institute of Psychology, Boulogne-Billancourt, France; Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.

Handbook of Clinical Neurology
|September 26, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pediatric brain damage can cause lasting memory loss, impacting learning and personal recall. This research explores developmental amnesia and epilepsy, offering new assessment and rehabilitation strategies for children.

Keywords:
Amnesic syndromeAnterograde amnesiaAutobiographical memoryDevelopmental amnesiaEpisodic memoryHippocampusRetrograde amnesiaTemporal lobe epilepsy

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Pediatric Neurology

Background:

  • Acquired amnesic syndrome, famously seen in patient HM, involves bilateral temporal lobe resection.
  • Research has identified isolated memory dysfunction in children, stemming from various causes.
  • Developmental amnesia and epilepsy can significantly impact a child's memory development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present developmental and long-lasting memory disorders in children due to organic or neurologic causes.
  • To focus on developmental amnesic syndrome from neonatal bihippocampal damage and epilepsy-related memory dysfunction.
  • To review episodic memory deficits and their impact on learning, personal memories, and independent living in pediatric populations.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on pediatric amnesia and temporal lobe epilepsy.
  • Description of two pediatric populations: developmental amnesia and medial temporal developmental epilepsy.
  • Analysis of consequences of hippocampal/medial temporal lobe damage on memory system development.

Main Results:

  • Children with developmental amnesia and temporal lobe epilepsy exhibit significant episodic memory deficits.
  • These deficits profoundly affect the ability to acquire new information and recall personal experiences.
  • Damage to the hippocampus/medial temporal lobe has lasting consequences on memory development.

Conclusions:

  • Episodic memory dysfunction in children with hippocampal/medial temporal lobe amnesia offers insights into memory development.
  • Proposes new perspectives in child neuropsychology of memory.
  • Suggests avenues for more ecologically valid memory assessment and rehabilitation strategies.