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[Insulin and physical exercise].

J Louis-Sylvestre

    Diabete & Metabolisme
    |April 1, 1987
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Regular exercise lowers insulin levels by reducing secretion and increasing clearance. Trained individuals maintain normal glucose tolerance due to enhanced insulin sensitivity, particularly in muscles, optimizing fuel utilization and storage.

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    Area of Science:

    • Exercise physiology
    • Endocrinology
    • Metabolic adaptation

    Context:

    • Exercise triggers early increases in pituitary hormones and sympatho-adrenal activity.
    • Sympathetic activation plays a crucial role in cardiovascular adaptation and thermoregulation.
    • Hormonal changes, especially those involving insulin, are critical consequences of sympathetic activation during exercise.

    Purpose:

    • To investigate the hormonal consequences of exercise on insulin secretion and sensitivity.
    • To elucidate the mechanisms behind altered insulin dynamics during prolonged and habitual exercise.
    • To examine the impact of exercise training on glucose metabolism and fuel partitioning.

    Summary:

    • Both basal and stimulated insulin levels decrease with prolonged and habitual exercise.

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  • Reduced basal insulin may stem from alpha-adrenergic inhibition, while reduced stimulated response relates to increased clearance.
  • Trained individuals exhibit normal glucose tolerance despite reduced insulin secretion, owing to enhanced insulin sensitivity, particularly in muscle tissue.
  • Muscle exhibits increased hexokinase and glycogen synthetase activity, ensuring optimal glucose uptake.
  • The liver shows reduced insulin sensitivity and glucokinase activity, sparing glucose for muscle glycogen restoration.
  • Adipocytes display increased triglyceride turnover, facilitating fuel supply and store replenishment.

    • Impact:

    • Understanding exercise-induced metabolic adaptations is key for managing conditions like type 2 diabetes.
    • This research highlights how exercise training optimizes fuel utilization and storage, contributing to overall metabolic health.
    • The findings provide insights into the complex interplay between the nervous, endocrine, and metabolic systems during physical activity.