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Association Areas of the Cortex

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Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 7, 2025

Chronic Implantation of Whole-cortical Electrocorticographic Array in the Common Marmoset

Chronic Implantation of Whole-cortical Electrocorticographic Array in the Common Marmoset

Published on: February 1, 2019

Face selective patches in marmoset frontal cortex.

David J Schaeffer¹, Janahan Selvanayagam², Kevin D Johnston²

¹Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5K8, Canada. dschaeff@uwo.ca.

Nature Communications

|September 26, 2020

Summary

New World monkeys, like marmosets, possess a specialized frontal cortex network for processing social faces. This finding suggests this complex face processing system evolved before the divergence of Old and New World primates.

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Last Updated: Dec 7, 2025

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Primate Cognition
Comparative Anatomy

Background:

Socially relevant face processing in humans and Old World primates involves specialized frontal cortex networks.
The existence of similar networks in New World primates, which diverged ~35 million years ago, remains largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the presence of a high-level face processing network in the common marmoset, a New World primate.
To determine if the marmoset's frontal cortex exhibits specialized regions for social face perception.

Main Methods:

Functional neuroimaging was used to observe marmoset brain activity during viewing of socially relevant videos.
Diffusion tensor imaging and functional connectivity analyses were employed to map connections between frontal and temporal lobe regions.

Main Results:

Marmosets displayed differential activation in anterior cingulate and lateral prefrontal cortices when viewing conspecific faces.
Functional and structural connectivity was confirmed between these frontal regions and known temporal lobe face patches.

Conclusions:

The common marmoset exhibits a functional face processing network in the frontal cortex, analogous to Old World primates.
This specialized social face processing network likely predates the evolutionary split between New World (Platyrrhini) and Old World (Catarrhini) primates.