Related Experiment Video
Updated: Dec 7, 2025

Use of the Operant Orofacial Pain Assessment Device OPAD to Measure Changes in Nociceptive Behavior
Published on: June 10, 2013
What are the effects of verbal and written information on pain perception in orthodontic patients?
1Department of Child and Adolescent Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Abstract:
Design Randomised controlled trial.Study population Sixty patients aged 10-18 years requiring fixed orthodontic treatment were randomly allocated to the study or control group. Anxiety levels and somatosensory amplification were evaluated. All patients received general verbal instructions on orthodontic treatment (dietary habits, oral hygiene maintenance and pain). Patients in the study group also received written information (a take-home leaflet) on orthodontic pain characteristics and management. Patients, clinicians and statistician were blinded to the patient allocation.Outcome measure The primary outcome was the pain intensity and the secondary outcome was analgesic consumption.Data analysis Multilevel regression analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures with split plot design.Results Pain perception and analgesic consumption were significantly higher in the control group only during the first two days after appliance placement (P <0.05).Conclusions Combining verbal and written information diminished pain perception and analgesic consumption in orthodontic patients in the first days after appliance placement.
Related Concept Videos
Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones
Nutrient Artery
The nutrient artery is the main blood vessel that enters the diaphysis via the nutrient foramen. While most long bones have only one nutrient foramen, large bones, such as the femur, may have two. This...
Analgesia and Pain Management
Pain
Nociception
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia
Local Anesthetics: Adverse Effects
Once absorbed into the systemic circulation, local anesthetics can affect the organs that depend on the functioning of sodium...

