Claudin 1 inhibits cell migration and increases intercellular adhesion in triple-negative breast cancer cell line

Triple-negative "claudin 1 low" subtype represents around 15% of breast cancer and displays poor prognosis. The loss of claudin 1 is correlated with increased invasiveness and higher recurrence of the disease. Claudin 1 constitutes the backbone of the tight junction and is involved in cell-cell adhesion and migration processes. However, studies showed a controversial role of claudin 1 in cell migration. In this study, we aimed to clarify the effect of claudin 1 on migration of mesenchymal triple-negative breast cancer cells (TNBC). We reported that transient over expression of claudin 1 in MDA-MB-231 and Hs578T "claudin 1 low" TNBC cells inhibited cell migration using wound healing and transwell migration assays. In order to investigate more specifically the involvement of claudin 1, we generated stable MDA-MB-231 clones overexpressing claudin 1. Interestingly, the level of claudin 1 was correlated to the inhibition of cell migration and to the increase of cell-cell aggregation associated with enhanced formation of β-catenin adherens junction and occludin tight junction. Finally, we reported for the first time the key role of claudin 1 in the inhibition of cell migration process associated with the disappearance of stress fibers. These data suggest that re-expression of claudin 1 could be a promising strategy for regulating the migration of TNBC which no longer express claudin 1.