A case report of anorectal malignant melanoma in the transitional zone

Anorectal malignant melanoma is an uncommon and highly malignant disease with a greater incidence in females. Many patients were misdiagnosed as hemorrhoids, benign polyps, and rectal cancer. They were often diagnosed in an advanced stage. Wide local excision and abdominoperineal resection are the main treatments of rectal melanoma.

A case report is a 77-year-old man who has blood in the stool for 4 months without clinical examination. He admitted to the emergency room with sudden syndromes that related to bowel perforation. Rectal examination detected a large anorectal polyp. Computer tomography showed free air and fluid in the peritoneal cavity. He was received laparoscopic surgery and found the fishbone penetrated the sigmoid colon without polyp resection. The polyp was treated by local excision a few days later. The histology examination was a primary malignant melanoma. Due to the pigmented lesion that remained from the resected polyp's root, the abdominoperineal resection was performed as a radical treatment.

Diagnosis of anorectal malignant melanoma is difficult because of atypical signs, that are confused with bleeding hemorrhoids especially an amelanotic melanoma. Treatment is controversial, including surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and target therapy. A present case is an option in radical surgery.

Anorectal melanoma is a rare disease with poor results and prognosis. A lack of large-data leads to a missing evidence-based guideline in this disease. Early-staging diagnosis and surgical treatment help patients improve their overall survival.