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Transcription01:10

Transcription

154.1K
Overview
Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in the proper synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA). Regulation of transcription is responsible for the differentiation of all the different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds...
154.1K
Ribosome Profiling02:24

Ribosome Profiling

3.9K
Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
Applications of ribosome profiling
Ribosome profiling has many applications, including in vivo monitoring of translation inside a particular organ or tissue type and quantifying new protein synthesis levels.
The technique...
3.9K
Gene-Environment Interactions01:20

Gene-Environment Interactions

910
Gene expression is a dynamic process that is significantly influenced by environmental factors. This interaction underlies the complex nature of biological development and the phenotypic differences observed among individuals, even among those with identical genetic makeups. Factors such as radiation, temperature, behavior, nutrition, and stress play pivotal roles in determining how genes are expressed. The concept of the reaction range is central to understanding this interaction. It posits...
910
What is Gene Expression?01:36

What is Gene Expression?

10.3K
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised  of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then...
10.3K
Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

3.5K
Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
3.5K
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

33.0K
Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
33.0K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 7, 2025

Analyzing Gene Expression from Marine Microbial Communities using Environmental Transcriptomics
13:51

Analyzing Gene Expression from Marine Microbial Communities using Environmental Transcriptomics

Published on: February 18, 2009

12.7K

Environmental epitranscriptomics.

Akin Cayir1, Hyang-Min Byun2, Timothy M Barrow3

  • 1Vocational Health College, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey.

Environmental Research
|September 27, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Environmental exposures impact the epitranscriptome, influencing RNA modifications and potentially mediating disease risk. This review examines how chemicals like BPA and metals affect RNA writers, erasers, and readers.

Keywords:
Environmental exposureEpitranscriptomicsRNA modificationsm(1)Am(5)Cm(6)A

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Environmental Health
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Chemical modifications of RNA, collectively termed the epitranscriptome, play crucial roles in gene regulation.
  • Over 150 RNA modifications exist, with N6-methyladenosine (m6A) and 5-methylcytidine (m5C) being extensively studied.
  • Dysregulation of epitranscriptomic marks is linked to diseases like cancer and neurodevelopmental disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the impact of environmental exposures on RNA modifications.
  • To explore how these modifications mediate disease risk.
  • To discuss future research directions and technical challenges in the field.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating environmental exposures and RNA modifications.
  • Analysis of evidence linking environmental factors to changes in RNA 'writers', 'erasers', and 'readers'.
  • Synthesis of current knowledge on the role of the epitranscriptome in environmental health.

Main Results:

  • Environmental agents including benzo[a]pyrene, bisphenol A, pesticides, metals, and nanoparticles can alter RNA modifications.
  • Evidence suggests these environmental exposures affect the expression and activity of enzymes involved in RNA modification (writers, erasers, readers).
  • Emerging data indicates a connection between environmental exposures, epitranscriptomic changes, and disease pathogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • Environmental exposures represent a significant, yet understudied, factor influencing the epitranscriptome.
  • Understanding these interactions is critical for assessing environmental health risks and developing preventative strategies.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the mechanisms and implications of environmental impacts on RNA modifications.