Differences in stretch-shortening cycle and residual force enhancement between muscles

It has been suggested that cross bridge kinetics and residual force enhancement (RFE) affect force in the stretch-shortening cycle (SSC). Because cross bridge kinetics and titin isoforms, which are thought to be related to RFE, differ between muscles, the SSC effect may be also muscle-dependent. Thus, we compared the SSC effect between psoas and soleus muscles, which have a distinct fiber type distribution and different titin isoforms. Four tests (SSC, SSC control, RFE, RFE control) were conducted using isolated, skinned fibers of psoas and soleus. In the SSC tests, fibers were activated at an average sarcomere length of 2.4 μm, stretched to 3.0 μm, and shortened to 2.4 μm. In the SSC control tests, fibers were activated at an average sarcomere length of 3.0 μm and then shortened to 2.4 μm. The relative increase in mechanical work obtained during shortening between tests was defined as the SSC effect. In the RFE tests, fibers were activated at an average sarcomere length of 2.4 μm and then stretched to 3.0 μm, while the RFE control tests consisted of an isometric contraction at 3.0 μm. The difference in steady-state isometric force between tests was defined as RFE. The SSC effect was greater in soleus than in psoas, while the RFE was the same for both muscles. Since the SSC effect was greater in soleus, while the RFE was the same, the observed greater SSC effect is probably not directly caused by RFE, but may be related to differences in cross bridge kinetics.