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Measuring Carbon Content in Airway Macrophages Exposed to Carbon-Containing Particulate Matters
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Airborne particulate matter.

Roy M Harrison1

  • 1Division of Environmental Health and Risk Management, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.

Philosophical Transactions. Series A, Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences
|September 28, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Airborne particulate matter (PM) has evolved from coal smoke to complex mixtures dominated by traffic and secondary pollutants. Emerging sources like non-exhaust traffic, cooking, and wood smoke significantly impact air quality.

Keywords:
PM10PM2.5airborne particulate matterparticle numbersource apportionmentultrafine particles

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Atmospheric Chemistry
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Airborne particulate matter (PM) poses risks to human health, visibility, and materials.
  • PM composition has shifted from coal burning to road traffic exhaust and secondary pollutants like ammonium salts and organic carbon.
  • Fine particles (PM2.5) in cities like London, Delhi, and Beijing exemplify this changing composition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the evolving composition and sources of airborne particulate matter.
  • To highlight the increasing significance of unconventional PM sources.
  • To discuss the implications of particle size distribution, particularly ultrafine particles.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of historical and current PM composition data.
  • Identification and quantification of various PM sources, including traffic, cooking, and wood smoke.
  • Examination of particle size distributions and their contribution to particle number and mass.

Main Results:

  • A historical shift in dominant PM sources from coal burning to road traffic and secondary pollutants.
  • Emerging unconventional sources like non-exhaust traffic emissions, cooking aerosols, and wood smoke are significant contributors.
  • Ultrafine particles are increasingly important for particle number concentrations due to regional nucleation processes.

Conclusions:

  • Airborne particulate matter composition is dynamic and influenced by emission control strategies.
  • Understanding diverse and emerging PM sources is crucial for effective air quality management.
  • The role of ultrafine particles warrants further investigation due to potential health impacts.