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Related Experiment Video

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Simultaneous Detection of c-Fos Activation from Mesolimbic and Mesocortical Dopamine Reward Sites Following Naive Sugar and Fat Ingestion in Rats
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Converging Structural and Functional Evidence for a Rat Salience Network.

Pei-Jung Tsai1, Robin J Keeley2, Stephanie A Carmack3

  • 1Neuroimaging Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.

Biological Psychiatry
|September 28, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers identified a rat salience network (SN) using functional MRI, mirroring human and primate brain networks. This discovery enables new preclinical studies for neuropsychiatric disorders like substance use disorder.

Keywords:
Functional connectivityInsulaOpioid addictionRatResting-state fMRISalience network

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Systems Neuroscience
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • The salience network (SN) plays a crucial role in neuropsychiatric disorders, including substance use disorder.
  • Previous research primarily focused on the SN in humans, limiting preclinical investigations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize a functional rat salience network (SN) for preclinical research.
  • To compare the SN's functional connectivity across species (rats, marmosets, humans).
  • To assess the rat SN's response to drug-related cues.

Main Methods:

  • Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and modularity analysis in rats.
  • Cross-species comparison of SN functional connectivity in rats, marmosets, and humans.
  • Mouse tract tracing data (Allen Brain Atlas) for structural connectivity confirmation.
  • Assessment of rat SN activity during conditioned heroin withdrawal.

Main Results:

  • A putative rat SN was identified, comprising the ventral anterior insula and anterior cingulate cortex.
  • The rat SN's functional connectivity architecture is supported by structural data and is anatomically similar to nonhuman primates and humans.
  • The rat SN exhibited increased functional connectivity with the default mode network during conditioned heroin withdrawal.

Conclusions:

  • The neurobiological identification of a rat SN provides a valuable preclinical model.
  • This model allows for mechanistic interrogation of the SN in normative and disease states.
  • The findings facilitate research into the SN's role in substance use disorder and other neuropsychiatric conditions.