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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

131
In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
131
Drug Dosing: Infants and Children01:29

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children

134
Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...
134
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

165
Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight,...
165
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

144
Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
144
Factors Affecting Drug Response: Overview01:21

Factors Affecting Drug Response: Overview

2.7K
When it comes to infants and young children, they are typically administered smaller doses of medication in comparison to adults. This is primarily because their organ functions still need to fully develop, meaning their bodies are not as efficient at metabolizing or eliminating drugs. Additionally, their blood-brain barrier is more permeable than in adults. As a result, high concentrations of drugs can easily penetrate the central nervous system (CNS), potentially leading to neurological...
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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

108
In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses...
108

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A Modified Sonographic Algorithm for Image Acquisition in Life-Threatening Emergencies in the Critically Ill Newborn
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Triage Standing Orders Decrease Time to Antibiotics in Neonates in Pediatric Emergency Department.

Maegan S Reynolds, Ashley Dunaway, Carrese Stevens

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    |September 28, 2020
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Implementing nurse-driven triage standing orders significantly reduced antibiotic administration time for infants with serious bacterial infections. This quality improvement initiative improved timely care for high-risk newborns in the emergency department.

    Keywords:
    NeonatesNurse-driven ED flowQuality improvementSerious bacterial infectionTriage standing orders

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    Multiplex Therapeutic Drug Monitoring by Isotope-dilution HPLC-MS/MS of Antibiotics in Critical Illnesses
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    Area of Science:

    • Pediatrics
    • Infectious Diseases
    • Healthcare Quality Improvement

    Background:

    • Neonates (0-28 days) face high risks of serious bacterial infections, necessitating prompt evaluation and antibiotic treatment.
    • Current practices often result in delayed antibiotic administration, with baseline rates at 19% within 120 minutes.
    • A quality improvement initiative aimed to enhance the timeliness of antibiotic delivery for these vulnerable infants.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To decrease the time to antibiotic administration for infants (0-28 days) evaluated for serious bacterial infections in the emergency department.
    • To increase the percentage of infants receiving antibiotics within 120 minutes of arrival.

    Main Methods:

    • A quality improvement team utilized nurse-driven triage standing orders and multiple Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles.
    • The study focused on infants aged 0-28 days undergoing evaluation for serious bacterial infections.
    • Statistical process control charts were used for data analysis.

    Main Results:

    • The implementation of triage standing orders and educational interventions led to 84% of infants receiving antibiotics within 120 minutes.
    • The average time to antibiotic administration was reduced from 192 minutes to 74 minutes.
    • Initial goals for timely antibiotic delivery were surpassed.

    Conclusions:

    • Nurse-driven triage standing orders are effective in improving timely antibiotic administration for infants with serious bacterial infections.
    • Empowering nurses to initiate work-ups fosters a joint-responsibility model, leading to sustained improvements.
    • A cultural shift towards nurse-initiated protocols enhances efficiency and patient care in the emergency department.