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Immunological approaches to HIV cure.

Adam R Ward1, Talia M Mota2, R Brad Jones3

  • 1Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA; PhD Program in Epidemiology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.

Seminars in Immunology
|September 28, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Achieving a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) cure requires overcoming viral persistence. Immunological strategies offer hope for durable control or complete eradication of HIV.

Keywords:
Broadly neutralizing antibodiesHIV cureImmunotherapiesLatencyT-cellsTarget-cell immune resistance

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) effectively manages human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) but does not eliminate the virus.
  • HIV persists in cellular reservoirs despite ART and host immune responses, necessitating a cure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on HIV persistence mechanisms.
  • To explore immunological strategies for HIV cure, including functional and sterilizing cures.
  • To identify combination approaches for safe, effective, and scalable HIV cure.

Main Methods:

  • Review of up-to-date knowledge and emerging evidence on HIV persistence.
  • Analysis of immunological approaches targeting adaptive and innate immune responses.
  • Evaluation of combination strategies for HIV cure.

Main Results:

  • Key mechanisms of HIV persistence include viral latency, sequestration, and immune evasion.
  • Immunological approaches show promise for viral control and reservoir elimination.
  • Combination strategies are likely essential for successful HIV cure.

Conclusions:

  • Overcoming HIV persistence barriers is crucial for achieving a cure.
  • Immunological interventions offer a viable path toward HIV functional or sterilizing cures.
  • Safe, effective, durable, and scalable combination therapies are needed for widespread HIV cure accessibility.