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PREVALENCE AND INCIDENCE OF FOUR COMMON BEAN ROOT ROTS IN UGANDA.

P Paparu1, A Acur1, F Kato2

  • 1National Crops Resources Research Institute, Namulonge, PO Box 7084, Kampala, Uganda.

Experimental Agriculture
|September 28, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Common bean root rots, a major constraint in sub-Saharan Africa, are shifting to new altitudes. Southern blight caused by Sclerotium rolfsii is now the most prevalent, especially in warmer lowland areas.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Pathology
  • Agronomy
  • Agricultural Science

Background:

  • Root rots significantly limit common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) production in sub-Saharan Africa, causing substantial annual yield losses.
  • Historically, Pythium and Fusarium species were the primary causes of root rot in Ugandan high-altitude common bean agroecologies.
  • Recent observations indicate a concerning increase in severe root rot incidence in low and medium-altitude areas with warm, dry conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the current prevalence and incidence of common bean root rot diseases across diverse Ugandan agroecologies.
  • To map the distribution of common bean root rot pathogens and identify disease hotspots.
  • To establish a baseline for future research on common bean root rot management and resistance breeding.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted a comprehensive survey across seven distinct Ugandan common bean agroecologies.
  • Assessed the prevalence and incidence of various root rot diseases affecting common bean crops.
  • Utilized geographical mapping to visualize disease distribution and identify high-risk areas (hotspots).

Main Results:

  • Root rot diseases were confirmed in all seven surveyed agroecologies, indicating widespread occurrence.
  • Southern blight, caused by Sclerotium rolfsii, emerged as the most dominant root rot pathogen.
  • Fusarium spp., Pythium spp., and Rhizoctonia solani were also identified as significant contributors to common bean root rot.
  • Disease prevalence and incidence were strongly influenced by environmental factors, with specific pathogens favoring distinct climatic conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Environmental conditions significantly impact the prevalence and incidence of common bean root rots in Uganda.
  • Fusarium and Pythium root rots are favored by cool, humid highland conditions, while southern blight thrives in warm, moist lowland environments.
  • The identified disease hotspots provide critical data for targeted germplasm evaluation and breeding programs aimed at developing root rot-resistant common bean varieties.