Applications of Machine Learning in Cardiac Electrophysiology

Artificial intelligence through machine learning (ML) methods is becoming prevalent throughout the world, with increasing adoption in healthcare. Improvements in technology have allowed early applications of machine learning to assist physician efficiency and diagnostic accuracy. In electrophysiology, ML has applications for use in every stage of patient care. However, its use is still in infancy. This article will introduce the potential of ML, before discussing the concept of big data and its pitfalls. The authors review some common ML methods including supervised and unsupervised learning, then examine applications in cardiac electrophysiology. This will focus on surface electrocardiography, intracardiac mapping and cardiac implantable electronic devices. Finally, the article concludes with an overview of how ML may impact on electrophysiology in the future.