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Updated: Dec 7, 2025

Engineered Vascularized Muscle Flap
Published on: January 11, 2016
An Innovative Autologous Breast Reconstruction Option: Musculo-derma-glandular, Axio-perforator, Bipedicled Flap
Vagif Kalender1, Gunel Guliyeva1
1Division of Plastic Surgery, Azerbaijan Medical University, Baku, Azerbaijan.
Abstract:
Following a mastectomy, patients frequently seek breast reconstruction. Although there are several options for reconstruction, none of them are considered ideal. Taking patients' psychological and physical condition into account, we created a new flap technique with a low postoperative morbidity and short operation time. We harvested the flap composed of skin, breast tissue, and pectoralis major muscle with a base in the parasternal line from the contralateral breast. To display our results, we presented 2 case examples. The mean follow-up was 12 months, and no postoperative complications were observed. At follow-ups, patients answered the question, "How satisfied are you with the results of the surgery?" using a 5-point Likert-like scale (5, very satisfied; 4, somewhat satisfied; 3, undecided; 2, somewhat dissatisfied; and 1, very dissatisfied). The mean score was 4. Our study showed that this surgical approach is a safe and cost-effective alternative for immediate and delayed breast reconstruction.
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