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Fluid-Structure Interaction Based Algorithms for IOP and Corneal Material Behavior.

Osama Maklad1, Ashkan Eliasy1, Kai-Jung Chen1

  • 1School of Engineering, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.

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|September 28, 2020
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Summary

New algorithms estimate intraocular pressure (IOP) and corneal stiffness using air-puff tonometry. These models account for fluid-structure interaction, improving accuracy for healthy corneas in vivo.

Keywords:
corneacorneal material behaviorfluid-structure interaction (FSI)intraocular pressureocular biomechanics

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Computational Mechanics

Background:

  • Non-contact tonometry is crucial for measuring intraocular pressure (IOP), a key indicator of glaucoma.
  • Existing methods can be influenced by corneal biomechanics, leading to potential inaccuracies.
  • Understanding corneal material behavior is essential for precise IOP assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present and clinically validate two novel algorithms for estimating IOP and corneal material behavior.
  • To incorporate fluid-structure interaction (FSI) between the cornea and air-puff into the algorithms.
  • To improve the accuracy of IOP and corneal biomechanical measurements in vivo.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a multi-physics FSI model simulating the air-puff test in human eyes.
  • Conducted a parametric numerical study with variations in central corneal thickness, curvature, material stiffness, and IOP.
  • Extracted corneal dynamic response parameters to create the fIOP (intraocular pressure) and fSSI (corneal material stiffness) algorithms.
  • Validated algorithms against clinical data from 476 healthy participants.

Main Results:

  • The fIOP and fSSI algorithms demonstrated no significant correlation with corneal curvature or thickness.
  • fIOP showed no significant correlation with participant age.
  • fSSI exhibited a significant correlation with age, consistent with known age-related changes in corneal stiffness.
  • The FSI-based algorithms showed improved performance compared to previous methods (bIOP and SSI).

Conclusions:

  • Introduced two novel, clinically validated algorithms (fIOP and fSSI) for estimating in vivo corneal biomechanics and IOP.
  • Accounting for cornea-air puff FSI enhances the performance of tonometry algorithms.
  • These algorithms offer a more accurate assessment of ocular health by considering individual corneal properties.