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COVID-19 with Stigma: Theory and Evidence from Mobility Data
Yuya Katafuchi1, Kenichi Kurita2, Shunsuke Managi2
1Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, 457-4 Motoyama, Kamigamo, Kita-ku, Kyoto, 603-8047 Japan.
Economics of Disasters and Climate Change
|September 28, 2020
Summary
Non-legally binding COVID-19 policies, like emergency declarations, significantly reduced people's going-out behavior. This self-restraint persisted even after policies ended, driven by psychological costs of infection risk and social stigma.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Behavioral Economics
- Sociology
Background:
- Non-legally binding policies, such as COVID-19 emergency declarations, were implemented globally.
- Understanding public response to such policies is crucial for effective crisis management.
- Individual behavior, particularly mobility, is influenced by perceived risks and social factors.
Purpose of the Study:
- To theoretically and empirically analyze the impact of non-legally binding COVID-19 policies on public going-out behavior.
- To investigate the role of psychological costs (infection risk and social stigma) in self-restraint.
- To examine the duration of behavioral changes beyond the official policy period.
Main Methods:
- Theoretical modeling of individual decision-making under a state of emergency.
- Empirical analysis using regional mobility data and emergency declaration records.
- Econometric estimation to quantify the effect of emergency declarations on going-out behavior.
Main Results:
- A declared state of emergency significantly suppressed going-out behavior.
- This suppression effect extended beyond the period of the emergency declaration.
- Behavioral changes were observed even in the absence of legal penalties for going out.
Conclusions:
- Psychological costs associated with infection risk and social stigma are key drivers of self-restraint during public health crises.
- Non-legally binding policies can induce lasting behavioral changes in the population.
- Public health strategies should consider psychological and social factors to enhance policy effectiveness.
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