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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 7, 2025

Rapid In Vivo Assessment of Adjuvant's Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Generation Capabilities for Vaccine Development

Rapid In Vivo Assessment of Adjuvant's Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Generation Capabilities for Vaccine Development

Published on: June 19, 2018

Programming Multifaceted Pulmonary T Cell Immunity by Combination Adjuvants.

Chandranaik B Marinaik¹, Brock Kingstad-Bakke¹, Woojong Lee¹

¹Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.

Cell Reports. Medicine

|September 28, 2020

Summary

Developing effective mucosal T cell memory is crucial for vaccines. Combining an acrylic-acid-based adjuvant (ADJ) with GLA enhances CD4 and CD8 T cell memory, improving protection against influenza viruses.

Keywords:

CD4 CD8 T1 and T17 programming adjuvants heterosubtypic influenza virus mucosal subunit vaccines respiratory immunity tissue-resident memory

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Whole-animal Imaging and Flow Cytometric Techniques for Analysis of Antigen-specific CD8+ T Cell Responses after Nanoparticle Vaccination

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Whole-animal Imaging and Flow Cytometric Techniques for Analysis of Antigen-specific CD8+ T Cell Responses after Nanoparticle Vaccination

Whole-animal Imaging and Flow Cytometric Techniques for Analysis of Antigen-specific CD8+ T Cell Responses after Nanoparticle Vaccination

Published on: April 29, 2015

Area of Science:

Immunology
Vaccinology
Respiratory Medicine

Background:

Inducing protective mucosal T cell memory is a significant challenge in vaccine development.
Pulmonary T cell immunity is essential for protection against respiratory pathogens.

Purpose of the Study:

To define the principles of vaccine-induced pulmonary T cell immunity.
To investigate the impact of different adjuvant combinations on T cell responses and protective immunity.

Main Methods:

Utilized a combination adjuvant strategy involving an acrylic-acid-based adjuvant (ADJ) with Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists (GLA or CpG).
Analyzed T cell receptor (TCR) signaling, terminal differentiation, and polarization of T helper (TH) and T cytotoxic (TC) cells.
Assessed protection against H1N1 and H5N1 influenza viruses.

Main Results:

ADJ combined with GLA or CpG promoted mucosal imprinting but induced distinct T cell transcription programs and differentiation.
The ADJ + GLA combination dampened TCR signaling and effector terminal differentiation, enhancing CD4 and CD8 resident memory T (TRM) cells.
Vaccine-elicited CD4 T cells were vital for optimal CD8 TRM programming and viral control.

Conclusions:

The combination of ADJ and GLA enhances the development of protective CD4 and CD8 TRM cells against influenza viruses.
Understanding these mechanisms provides insights for developing vaccines against respiratory pathogens like influenza and SARS-CoV-2.