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The Junctional Epithelium Is Maintained by a Stem Cell Population.

X Yuan1, J Chen1,2, J A Grauer1,3

  • 1Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.

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|September 28, 2020
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Summary

Stem cells in the junctional epithelium (JE) maintain its barrier function. Blocking cell proliferation caused JE degeneration, but slow-cycling stem cells regenerated the tissue and its barrier function, offering hope for periodontitis treatment.

Keywords:
Wnt signaling pathwaycell proliferationepithelial cellsgingivaperiodontitisstem cell research

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Area of Science:

  • Oral biology
  • Stem cell research
  • Epithelial tissue function

Background:

  • Epithelial tissues form essential barriers, regulating body interactions.
  • The junctional epithelium (JE) is a modified barrier crucial for sealing the body from oral microorganisms.
  • JE breakdown leads to periodontal ligament disintegration, bone resorption, and tooth loss.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify stem cells within the junctional epithelium (JE).
  • To investigate the role of these stem cells in JE self-renewal and barrier function.
  • To explore the potential of these stem cells in treating periodontitis.

Main Methods:

  • Lineage tracing techniques were employed.
  • DNA pulse-chase analyses were performed.
  • The chemotherapeutic agent 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) was used to block cell proliferation.

Main Results:

  • A Wnt-responsive stem cell population was identified in the JE, comprising fast- and slow-cycling cells.
  • Fast-cycling stem cells are essential for rapid JE self-renewal and integrity.
  • Blocking proliferation with 5-Fu led to JE degeneration, while slow-cycling stem cells regenerated the JE upon 5-Fu removal.

Conclusions:

  • The JE harbors a distinct stem cell population crucial for tissue maintenance and barrier function.
  • Targeting these stem cells may offer new therapeutic strategies for periodontitis.
  • Understanding JE stem cell dynamics is key to preventing and treating periodontal diseases.