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Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccine Development: An Overview
Riyadi Sumirtanurdin1,2, Melisa Intan Barliana2,3
1Pharmacist Profession Education, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia.
Abstract:
To this day, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has not shown signs of abating. Moreover, the virus responsible for the pandemic, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, has evolved into three different variants. This phenomenon highlights an even greater need to develop drugs and vaccines to control the rate of infection and spread of the disease. As of July 7, 2020, at least 160 vaccine candidates, 21 of which have entered the clinical trial phase, have been developed. This article describes the latest advances in development, reliable platforms, strategies used, and challenges that remain in developing COVID-19 vaccines.
Insights
The COVID-19 pandemic continues, with the virus evolving into new variants. This necessitates rapid development of effective vaccines and drugs to control the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.
Area of Science:
- Virology and Immunology
- Vaccine Development
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, persists globally.
- Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants underscores the urgent need for effective countermeasures.
- Over 160 vaccine candidates were in development as of July 2020, with 21 in clinical trials.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the latest advancements in COVID-19 vaccine development.
- To discuss reliable platforms and strategies employed in vaccine creation.
- To identify the remaining challenges in developing effective COVID-19 vaccines.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of recent scientific publications and clinical trial data.
- Analysis of vaccine development platforms and strategies.
- Identification and categorization of challenges in vaccine research and development.
Main Results:
- Significant progress has been made in developing numerous COVID-19 vaccine candidates.
- Various reliable platforms, including mRNA, viral vector, and inactivated virus technologies, are being utilized.
- Key challenges include ensuring vaccine efficacy against evolving variants, scalability of production, and equitable global distribution.
Conclusions:
- The development of COVID-19 vaccines is progressing rapidly, with multiple promising candidates.
- Overcoming challenges related to viral evolution, manufacturing, and distribution is crucial for pandemic control.
- Continued research and international collaboration are essential to combat the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.
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