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Pathophysiology of coronavirus disease 2019 for wound care professionals

Sammy Al-Benna1

  • 1Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Academic Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa.

International Wound Journal
|September 28, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Understanding severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pathogenesis is crucial. SARS-CoV-2 impacts multiple systems, triggering immune responses and coagulopathy, vital for wound care professionals to grasp.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
  • SARS-CoV-2 exhibits broad tissue tropism, affecting lungs, vascular, and integumentary systems.
  • Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is identified as the primary functional receptor for SARS-CoV-2 entry.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
  • To highlight the interaction between the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the host immune system.
  • To emphasize the significance of COVID-19-associated coagulopathy for wound care.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis.
  • Analysis of immune response mechanisms.
  • Examination of coagulopathy and microvascular injury in COVID-19.

Main Results:

  • SARS-CoV-2 infection involves a significant innate immune response with cytokine and chemokine release.
  • COVID-19 is associated with coagulopathy, microvascular injury, and complement pathway activation.
  • The virus's interaction with ACE2 facilitates infection across multiple tissue types.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis, including its immune interactions and coagulopathic effects, is critical.
  • The pathophysiology of COVID-19, particularly microvascular injury, has implications for wound care professionals.
  • Further research into the complex interplay of viral factors and host responses is warranted.
Keywords:
COVID-19acute phase proteinsblood coagulation disorderscomplement system proteinssevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2

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