Solid-State NMR for Studying the Structure and Dynamics of Viral Assemblies

Structural virology reveals the architecture underlying infection. While notably electron microscopy images have provided an atomic view on viruses which profoundly changed our understanding of these assemblies incapable of independent life, spectroscopic techniques like NMR enter the field with their strengths in detailed conformational analysis and investigation of dynamic behavior. Typically, the large assemblies represented by viral particles fall in the regime of biological high-resolution solid-state NMR, able to follow with high sensitivity the path of the viral proteins through their interactions and maturation steps during the viral life cycle. We here trace the way from first solid-state NMR investigations to the state-of-the-art approaches currently developing, including applications focused on HIV, HBV, HCV and influenza, and an outlook to the possibilities opening in the coming years.