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    This study presents a compact, high-sensitivity refractive index (RI) sensor using a multi-slot sub-wavelength Bragg grating. It achieves a record sensitivity of 730 nm/RIU, enabling efficient RI detection in various liquids.

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    Area of Science:

    • Photonics and Optical Sensing
    • Nanotechnology
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Refractive index (RI) sensors are crucial for detecting changes in liquid mediums.
    • Compact and highly sensitive sensors are needed for advanced applications.
    • Bragg gratings offer potential for precise optical sensing.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate a high-sensitivity compact multi-slot sub-wavelength Bragg grating (BG) RI sensor.
    • To optimize structural parameters for enhanced sensitivity and performance.
    • To experimentally demonstrate a record-high sensitivity with a compact sensor design.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized 3D finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations for structural optimization.
    • Focused on the first side-lobe of the BG stop-band as the sensing peak.
    • Fabricated the sensor using the lift-off technique on SOI platforms.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved a record-high sensitivity of 730 nm/RIU.
    • Demonstrated sensor functionality with various liquids (water, sugar solutions, acetone, IPA).
    • Developed a compact sensor with a length of 9.5 µm and 3 dB transmission loss.

    Conclusions:

    • The multi-slot sub-wavelength Bragg grating sensor offers excellent RI sensing capabilities.
    • The optimized design and fabrication process lead to high sensitivity and compactness.
    • This sensor is suitable for diverse liquid analysis applications requiring precise RI measurement.