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Related Concept Videos

IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region01:03

IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region

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IR spectra are divided into two main regions: the diagnostic region and the fingerprint region. The diagnostic region of the spectrum lies above 1500 cm−1. The absorptions resulting from single-bond vibrations of the N–H, C–H, and O–H stretch at higher wavenumbers and appear on the left side of the spectrum. The stretching absorptions of the C≡C and C≡N occur between 2100–2300 cm−1. In contrast, those arising from stretching absorptions of the...
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When one or more data points appear far from the rest of the data, there is a need to determine whether they are outliers and whether they should be eliminated from the data set to ensure an accurate representation of the measured value. In many cases, outliers arise from gross errors (or human errors) and do not accurately reflect the underlying phenomenon. In some cases, however, these apparent outliers reflect true phenomenological differences. In these cases, we can use statistical methods...
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Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...
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Hypothesis testing is a fundamental statistical tool that begins with the assumption that the null hypothesis H0 is true. During this process, two types of errors can occur: Type I and Type II. A Type I error refers to the incorrect rejection of a true null hypothesis, while a Type II error involves the failure to reject a false null hypothesis.
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Organisms are capable of detecting and fixing nucleotide mismatches that occur during DNA replication. This sophisticated process requires identifying the new strand and replacing the erroneous bases with correct nucleotides. Mismatch repair is coordinated by many proteins in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
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Updated: Dec 7, 2025

Genome-wide Surveillance of Transcription Errors in Eukaryotic Organisms
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Fingerprint error rate on close non-matches.

Jonathan J Koehler1, Shiquan Liu2

  • 1Northwestern Pritzker School of Law, Chicago, IL, USA.

Journal of Forensic Sciences
|September 29, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Fingerprint identification accuracy is challenged by close non-matches (CNMs). High false-positive error rates in proficiency tests suggest CNMs can diminish the probative value of fingerprint evidence.

Keywords:
close non-matcherror ratefalse-positivefingerprintfingerprint accuracyfingerprint identificationproficiency test

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic Science
  • Criminal Justice

Background:

  • Fingerprint identification is crucial for criminal justice.
  • Close non-matches (CNMs), prints with many similarities but different sources, pose accuracy challenges.
  • Increasing database searches heighten the likelihood of encountering CNMs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the false-positive error rates of fingerprint identifications involving CNMs.
  • To assess the impact of CNMs on the reliability of fingerprint evidence.

Main Methods:

  • 125 fingerprint agencies participated in a mandatory proficiency test.
  • The test included two pairs of CNMs.
  • False-positive error rates were calculated for each CNM pair.

Main Results:

  • False-positive error rates for the two CNMs were 15.9% and 28.1%.
  • These rates are higher than those reported in previous leading fingerprint studies.
  • The findings contradict the perception of fingerprint evidence as infallible.

Conclusions:

  • Elevated false-positive error risks associated with CNMs can significantly reduce the probative value of fingerprint identifications.
  • Further research on CNMs is essential, including studies using representative samples from database searches.