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Graciela C Alatorre-Cruz1, Javier Sanchez-Lopez2,3,4, Juan Silva-Pereyra1

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Physical activity in older adults enhances working memory (WM) processing and morphosyntactic skills. Higher incidental physical activity (PA) levels improved cognitive strategies for managing WM loads and language comprehension.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Applied Physiology

Background:

  • Older adults experience sentence comprehension deficits with increased working memory (WM) load.
  • Incidental physical activity (PA), especially vigorous activity, is understudied regarding its cognitive and linguistic effects.
  • Previous research has not established a positive link between physical activity and language processing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of high versus low incidental physical activity (PA) on WM processing in older adults.
  • To determine how PA influences morphosyntactic processing under varying WM loads.
  • To explore the cognitive strategies employed by older adults with different PA levels when facing cognitive challenges.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of behavioral responses and event-related potentials (ERPs) between high and low PA groups.
  • Assessment of working memory (WM) load effects on sentence comprehension tasks.
  • Utilizing electrophysiological measures (LAN and P600b amplitudes) to examine neural correlates of morphosyntactic processing.

Main Results:

  • Individuals with high PA exhibited a more pronounced WM load effect compared to those with low PA.
  • Behaviorally, high PA participants showed greater accuracy differences between high and low WM loads.
  • Electrophysiologically, only the high PA group demonstrated significant differences in LAN and P600b amplitudes related to WM load.

Conclusions:

  • Incidental physical activity (PA) may foster enhanced cognitive strategies for managing working memory (WM) demands in older adults.
  • Higher PA levels are associated with improved morphosyntactic processing and better adaptation to cognitive load.
  • This study highlights a potential benefit of PA for cognitive and linguistic functions in aging.