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Plastic deformation represents a fundamental concept in materials science, which explains the irreversible change in the shape of a material when it experiences stress beyond its elastic capability. This phenomenon is important in structural engineering, especially in designing and analyzing cantilever beams—structures that are securely fixed at one end and bear loads at the opposite end. When these beams are subjected to loads within their elastic range, they will return to their...
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It is essential to understand how structural members behave under plastic deformation when the bending stress exceeds the material's yield strength. This state of deformation permanently alters the shape of the member, in contrast to the linear elastic behavior observed before yielding. The strain at any point in the member is expressed in terms of maximum strain. Notably, the neutral axis, which coincides with the centroid during elastic bending, shifts away from the centroid under plastic...
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When materials are subjected to forces that surpass their yield strength, they undergo a process known as plastic deformation. This results in a permanent alteration or strain in their structure. This concept can be specifically applied to circular shafts, where the deformation leads to a change in its shape. The precise evaluation of this plastic deformation requires understanding the stress distribution within the circular shaft, which is achieved by calculating the maximum shearing stress in...
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Shape Memory Polyurethane Microcapsules with Active Deformation.

Fenghua Zhang1,2, Tianheng Zhao2,3, Daniel Ruiz-Molina4

  • 1Centre for Composite Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), No. 2 YiKuang Street, P.O. Box 3011, Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|September 29, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed new methods for creating tiny shape memory polymer (SMP) capsules. These advanced capsules offer high recovery and internal volume, paving the way for novel applications like drug delivery.

Keywords:
core/shell structuresinterfacial polymerizationpolyurethane microcapsulesshape memory polymersshape-changing behaviors

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Shape memory polymers (SMPs) are increasingly used in smart structures, but synthesizing intricate micro/submicron-level structures remains a challenge.
  • Existing methods for SMP synthesis and programming at small scales, especially with novel geometries, are underexplored.
  • The development of shape memory polyurethane (PU) capsules addresses the need for advanced microscale SMP structures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe a novel synthesis method for shape memory polyurethane (PU) capsules at the micron and submicron level.
  • To investigate the programming and recovery behavior of these thin-shell SMP structures.
  • To develop new quantitative characterization methods for assessing recovery in microscale SMPs.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of PU capsules via interfacial polymerization of emulsified droplets.
  • Utilizing a trifunctional chemical cross-linker to enhance creep resistance and recovery ratios.
  • Developing quantitative characterization methods and theoretical models for thin-shell SMP recovery.

Main Results:

  • Achieved high area recovery ratios (94-99%) for the PU capsules.
  • Observed an anomalous strain-recovery dependence compared to bulk SMPs.
  • Demonstrated that linear recovery ratios (as low as 70%) require alternative quantification for thin shells.
  • Quantification method allows calculating unrecovered strain and stress from linear aspect ratios.

Conclusions:

  • The developed interfacial polymerization method enables scalable synthesis of shape memory PU capsules.
  • New quantification methods are essential for accurately characterizing recovery in microscale thin-shell SMPs.
  • The hollow structure and high internal volume of the capsules are advantageous for applications like drug delivery.