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Related Concept Videos

Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

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Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
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Cells and Secretions of the Pancreas01:16

Cells and Secretions of the Pancreas

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The pancreas, a vital organ within the abdominal cavity, plays dual roles in the digestive and endocrine systems, collaborating with exocrine and endocrine cells to maintain optimal digestion and blood sugar levels.
Exocrine function is carried out by acinar cells, organized into clusters known as acini. These cells contribute to digestion by releasing substantial quantities of enzyme-rich, alkaline digestive juices.
Concurrently, the dispersed clusters of endocrine cells throughout the...
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Combinatorial Gene Control02:33

Combinatorial Gene Control

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Combinatorial gene control is the synergistic action of several transcriptional factors to regulate the expression of a single gene. The absence of one or more of these factors may lead to a significant difference in the level of gene expression or repression.
The expression of more than 30,000 genes is controlled by approximately 2000-3000 transcription factors. This is possible because a single transcription factor can recognize more than one regulatory sequence. The specificity in gene...
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Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
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Abnormal Proliferation02:23

Abnormal Proliferation

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Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the...
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Pancreas01:19

Pancreas

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The pancreas, an essential organ in the human body, is a pinkish-gray elongated structure located posterior to the stomach. It extends laterally from the duodenum towards the spleen and is firmly bound to the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity. The organ's surface has a lumpy, lobular texture that gives it a unique appearance.
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RING1B-BMI1 catalyzed dynamic H2AK119ub1 modification in response to sonic hedgehog signalling during pancreatic differentiation of human embryonic stem cells.

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Retinoic acid signaling is critical for generation of pancreatic progenitors from human embryonic stem cells.

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Sonic hedgehog signals hinder the transcriptional network necessary for pancreatic endoderm formation from human embryonic stem cells.

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Updated: Dec 7, 2025

Efficient Generation of Pancreas/Duodenum Homeobox Protein 1+ Posterior Foregut/Pancreatic Progenitors from hPSCs in Adhesion Cultures
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Efficient Generation of Pancreas/Duodenum Homeobox Protein 1+ Posterior Foregut/Pancreatic Progenitors from hPSCs in Adhesion Cultures

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Pancreas development and the Polycomb group protein complexes.

Niloufer P Dumasia1, Prasad S Pethe2

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, Sunandan Divatia School of Science, SVKM's NMIMS (deemed to-be) University, Mumbai 400 056, India.

Mechanisms of Development
|September 29, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Polycomb group proteins regulate gene expression during pancreas development. Understanding these mechanisms can improve stem cell therapies and elucidate diseases like diabetes and pancreatic cancer.

Keywords:
Chromatin modificationsEpigeneticsEzh2Pancreas organogenesisPolycomb group proteinsPolycomb repressive complexRing1Bβ-Cells

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Generation of Scaffold-free, Three-dimensional Insulin Expressing Pancreatoids from Mouse Pancreatic Progenitors In Vitro
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Isolating and Analyzing Cells of the Pancreas Mesenchyme by Flow Cytometry
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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 7, 2025

Efficient Generation of Pancreas/Duodenum Homeobox Protein 1+ Posterior Foregut/Pancreatic Progenitors from hPSCs in Adhesion Cultures
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Generation of Scaffold-free, Three-dimensional Insulin Expressing Pancreatoids from Mouse Pancreatic Progenitors In Vitro
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Isolating and Analyzing Cells of the Pancreas Mesenchyme by Flow Cytometry
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Isolating and Analyzing Cells of the Pancreas Mesenchyme by Flow Cytometry

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • The pancreas has dual endocrine and exocrine functions, crucial for digestion and glucose homeostasis.
  • Pancreas development involves complex signaling pathways acting on progenitor cells to generate diverse cell types.
  • Chromatin modifications, including histone modifications, play a key role in regulating gene expression during development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the interactions between DNA-binding proteins and chromatin regulators in pancreas development.
  • To focus on the role of Polycomb group (PcG) proteins in pancreas organogenesis and beta-cell differentiation.
  • To highlight the importance of understanding these mechanisms for stem cell-based therapies and disease pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on signaling pathways, transcription factors, and chromatin modifiers.
  • Analysis of studies investigating Polycomb group proteins in developmental processes.
  • Discussion of molecular mechanisms underlying pancreas lineage progression.

Main Results:

  • Polycomb group proteins are crucial for transcriptional repression of developmental genes.
  • PcG proteins mediate cellular transitions and influence cell identity in multipotent progenitors.
  • Extracellular signals coordinate with Polycomb functions during pancreas lineage progression.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding PcG protein function is vital for advancing stem cell differentiation strategies for pancreas development.
  • Elucidating these molecular mechanisms can shed light on the pathogenesis of diabetes and pancreatic cancer.
  • Further research is needed on the coordination between extracellular signals and Polycomb functions in pancreas development.