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Classification of Leukocytes

Classification of Leukocytes

Leukocytes are classified into two groups based on the presence or absence of cytoplasmic granules. Granular leukocytes, which contain granules, belong to the myeloid lineage and are divided into three subtypes: neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils. These cells are roughly spherical and characterized by the granules in their cytoplasm.
Neutrophils are the most abundant type of granular leukocytes, comprising 50-70% of all leukocytes. They feature small, evenly distributed granules and a...

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Immunoglobulin Gene Sequence Analysis In Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: From Patient Material To Sequence Interpretation

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Published on: November 26, 2018

Higher-order connections between stereotyped subsets: implications for improved patient classification in CLL.

Andreas Agathangelidis¹, Anastasia Chatzidimitriou^1,2, Katerina Gemenetzi^1,3

¹Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece.

|September 29, 2020

Summary

This study reveals that 41% of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients have stereotyped B-cell receptors (BcR), with 10 new subsets identified. These findings refine our understanding of CLL heterogeneity and disease variants.

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Area of Science:

Immunology
Oncology
Genetics

Background:

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) exhibits patient subsets with stereotyped B-cell receptor (BcR) immunoglobulins.
Stereotyped BcR subsets correlate with consistent clinicobiological profiles, impacting disease understanding and treatment decisions.
Open questions remain regarding the frequency of BcR stereotypy, major subsets, and inter-subset connections.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the frequency and relationships of stereotyped B-cell receptor immunoglobulins in a large cohort of chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients.
To identify new stereotyped subsets and explore higher-order connections between existing ones.
To refine the molecular classification and understanding of CLL heterogeneity.

Main Methods:

Analysis of clonotypic IGHV-IGHD-IGHJ gene rearrangements in 29,856 CLL patients.
Identification and characterization of stereotyped B-cell receptor immunoglobulin subsets.
Examination of relationships between stereotyped subsets, including satellite subsets.

Main Results:

The stereotyped fraction of CLL reached 41% in the analyzed cohort.
All 19 previously identified major stereotyped subsets were retained, with 10 new subsets emerging.
Major stereotyped subsets constituted 13.5% of the cohort, with satellite subsets accounting for an additional 3%.

Conclusions:

Stereotyped subsets in CLL are robustly identifiable and consistent, representing distinct disease variants.
The identification of satellite subsets reveals novel repertoire restriction, aiding in refined molecular classification of CLL.
These findings support compartmentalized research approaches to address CLL heterogeneity.