Functional Characterization of RNA Silencing Suppressor P0 from Pea Mild Chlorosis Virus

To counteract host antiviral RNA silencing, plant viruses encode numerous viral suppressors of RNA silencing (VSRs). P0 proteins have been identified as VSRs in many poleroviruses. However, their suppressor function has not been fully characterized. Here, we investigated the function of P0 from pea mild chlorosis virus (PMCV) in the suppression of local and systemic RNA silencing via green fluorescent protein (GFP) co-infiltration assays in wild-type and GFP-transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana (line 16c). Amino acid deletion analysis showed that N-terminal residues Asn 2 and Val 3, but not the C-terminus residues from 230-270 aa, were necessary for PMCV P0 (P0^PM) VSR activity. P0^PM acted as an F-box protein, and triple LPP mutation (62LPxx79P) at the F-box-like motif abolished its VSR activity. In addition, P0^PM failed to interact with S-phase kinase-associated protein 1 (SKP1), which was consistent with previous findings of P0 from potato leafroll virus. These data further support the notion that VSR activity of P0 is independent of P0-SKP1 interaction. Furthermore, we examined the effect of P0^PM on ARGONAUTE1 (AGO1) protein stability, and co-expression analysis showed that P0^PM triggered AGO1 degradation. Taken together, our findings suggest that P0^PM promotes degradation of AGO1 to suppress RNA silencing independent of SKP1 interaction.